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DQGÕUÕUODU %DúTD VLQLIOԥUGԥNL WԥEԥTԥOԥUGԥNL EWQ TVXUODU
RQODUGD FԥPOԥQLE 2QODUGDQ QLIUԥWԥ OD\LTLQL [H\LUVL]LQL WDSD ELO
Pԥ]VԥQ hVWԥOLN Gԥ RQODU ³LQWHOOHNWXDOGÕVD´ ± EHOԥOԥULQL JԥUԥN
GLQGLULEGDQÕúGÕUPDGDQ VSUJԥQLQ TDED÷ÕQD TDWÕE DWDVDQ 1HFԥ
\DQDúÕUVDQ\DQDú TDUúÕQD Qԥ PԥTVԥG TR\XUVDQTR\ RQODUÕQ D[Õ
UÕQD oÕ[PDT GQ\DQÕ WԥPL]OԥPԥN GHPԥNGL 2QODUD QLIUԥW HOԥPԥN
oQ PԥQԥ ELU QHoԥ KԥIWԥ NLID\ԥW HOԥGL KԥUGԥQ FԥIԥQJL\DW Yԥ
\DODQ GROX Tԥ]HW VWXQODUÕQGD RQODUÕQ DGODUÕ J|]Pԥ VDWDúÕQFD
NHoPLú NLQNGXUԥWLP Wԥ]ԥGԥQ DORYODQÕU
.LPOԥU \R[GX RUGD Eԥ]LOԥUL KԥUԥNDWD TRúXOXEODU NL LQTLODEL
PEDUL]ԥQLQ LúÕ÷Õ RQODUÕQ J|]ԥO úHLUOԥULQLQ Gԥ VWQԥ GúVQ %LU
EDúTDODUÕ DQWLEXUMXD TÕ]ÕOFDVÕ oÕ[DUDFDTODUÕQD VԥPLPLTԥOEGԥQ
LQDQDQ WԥOԥEԥ TÕ]ODUOD ԥ\OԥQPԥN [DWLULQԥ JԥOLEOԥU 6ԥNNL]VLOLQGUOL
³3DNNDUG´Õ RQ EHú SHVR\D N|\Qԥ\L RODQODU GD YDU NL JԥOԥFԥN Fԥ
PL\\ԥW Yԥ LQVDQÕQ LQVDQ WԥUԥILQGԥQ LVWLVPDUÕ EDUԥGԥ YLFGDQ ԥ]DEÕ
oԥNPԥGԥQ ILNLU \UGUOԥU øQTLODEL SDUWL\DODU EX DGDPODUÕQ OD]ÕP
RODFD÷ÕQD RQODUGDQ LVWLIDGԥQLQ PPNQO\Qԥ \ԥTLQ LQDQÕUODU
ԤVOLQGԥ EX R\XQGX PԥQ VԥQԥ VԥQ PԥQԥ øQDQPDT OD]ÕPGÕ NL
EL]Gԥ Gԥ GQ\DQÕQ LVWԥQLOԥQ \HULQGԥ Gԥ PԥVԥOԥ FLGGLOԥúԥQGԥ ]ԥK
PԥWNHúOԥU |] VWOԥULQGԥQ LONԥYYԥO EX DOoDTODUÕ DWDFDTODU
0ԥQ RQODUGDQ oR[ WH] DUDODQÕE \HQԥ WԥN TDOGÕP /DVDUR
RQD J|Uԥ PԥQL ³X÷XUVX]´ DGODQGÕUÕU %ԥONԥ Gԥ R KDTOÕGÕ DQFDT
PԥQLP YHFLPԥ GH\LO %LU \DQD TDODQGD EL]LP |ONԥGԥ |]Jԥ Qԥ\Oԥ
Pԥú÷XO ROVXQODU" øVWԥULVWԥPԥ] KHo Qԥ\Oԥ $OPDQL\D NLPL |ONԥ
Gԥ LQDP oQ ]ԥPLQ YDU RQODUÕQ TԥGLP NHoPLúL QHFԥ ROVD JԥOԥ
Fԥ\L YDU 9ԥ KԥU KDQVÕ LGGLDOÕ JLF oR[ DVDQFD \HQL DOPDQ PLVWLN
IԥOVԥIԥVLQLQ TDUPD÷ÕQD NHoԥ ELOԥU %ԥV EL]Gԥ" %L]LP DU[DPÕ]GD
KHo Qԥ \R[GX %LU TDXoR LNL TDXoR RWX] o TDXoR
øQWԥKDVÕ EWQ EXQODU PԥQL EH]GLULE .DEXVODUÕQ DUDVÕQGD
GRODúPDTGDQ EDUPDTODUÕP GRQXE +ԥ PԥQ .RUGHVOԥ RODQ V|KEԥ
WLP EDUԥGԥ GDQÕúPDT LVWԥ\LUԥP .RUGHV ]L\DOÕ QPXQԥVLGL HWLUDI
HGLP NL EX JQ Gԥ RQD KH\UDQDP 2 LVWHGDGOÕGÕ J|]ԥO SRHWLN
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RQODUGD FԥPOԥQLE 2QODUGDQ QLIUԥWԥ OD\LTLQL [H\LUVL]LQL WDSD ELO
Pԥ]VԥQ hVWԥOLN Gԥ RQODU ³LQWHOOHNWXDOGÕVD´ ± EHOԥOԥULQL JԥUԥN
GLQGLULEGDQÕúGÕUPDGDQ VSUJԥQLQ TDED÷ÕQD TDWÕE DWDVDQ 1HFԥ
\DQDúÕUVDQ\DQDú TDUúÕQD Qԥ PԥTVԥG TR\XUVDQTR\ RQODUÕQ D[Õ
UÕQD oÕ[PDT GQ\DQÕ WԥPL]OԥPԥN GHPԥNGL 2QODUD QLIUԥW HOԥPԥN
oQ PԥQԥ ELU QHoԥ KԥIWԥ NLID\ԥW HOԥGL KԥUGԥQ FԥIԥQJL\DW Yԥ
\DODQ GROX Tԥ]HW VWXQODUÕQGD RQODUÕQ DGODUÕ J|]Pԥ VDWDúÕQFD
NHoPLú NLQNGXUԥWLP Wԥ]ԥGԥQ DORYODQÕU
.LPOԥU \R[GX RUGD Eԥ]LOԥUL KԥUԥNDWD TRúXOXEODU NL LQTLODEL
PEDUL]ԥQLQ LúÕ÷Õ RQODUÕQ J|]ԥO úHLUOԥULQLQ Gԥ VWQԥ GúVQ %LU
EDúTDODUÕ DQWLEXUMXD TÕ]ÕOFDVÕ oÕ[DUDFDTODUÕQD VԥPLPLTԥOEGԥQ
LQDQDQ WԥOԥEԥ TÕ]ODUOD ԥ\OԥQPԥN [DWLULQԥ JԥOLEOԥU 6ԥNNL]VLOLQGUOL
³3DNNDUG´Õ RQ EHú SHVR\D N|\Qԥ\L RODQODU GD YDU NL JԥOԥFԥN Fԥ
PL\\ԥW Yԥ LQVDQÕQ LQVDQ WԥUԥILQGԥQ LVWLVPDUÕ EDUԥGԥ YLFGDQ ԥ]DEÕ
oԥNPԥGԥQ ILNLU \UGUOԥU øQTLODEL SDUWL\DODU EX DGDPODUÕQ OD]ÕP
RODFD÷ÕQD RQODUGDQ LVWLIDGԥQLQ PPNQO\Qԥ \ԥTLQ LQDQÕUODU
ԤVOLQGԥ EX R\XQGX PԥQ VԥQԥ VԥQ PԥQԥ øQDQPDT OD]ÕPGÕ NL
EL]Gԥ Gԥ GQ\DQÕQ LVWԥQLOԥQ \HULQGԥ Gԥ PԥVԥOԥ FLGGLOԥúԥQGԥ ]ԥK
PԥWNHúOԥU |] VWOԥULQGԥQ LONԥYYԥO EX DOoDTODUÕ DWDFDTODU
0ԥQ RQODUGDQ oR[ WH] DUDODQÕE \HQԥ WԥN TDOGÕP /DVDUR
RQD J|Uԥ PԥQL ³X÷XUVX]´ DGODQGÕUÕU %ԥONԥ Gԥ R KDTOÕGÕ DQFDT
PԥQLP YHFLPԥ GH\LO %LU \DQD TDODQGD EL]LP |ONԥGԥ |]Jԥ Qԥ\Oԥ
Pԥú÷XO ROVXQODU" øVWԥULVWԥPԥ] KHo Qԥ\Oԥ $OPDQL\D NLPL |ONԥ
Gԥ LQDP oQ ]ԥPLQ YDU RQODUÕQ TԥGLP NHoPLúL QHFԥ ROVD JԥOԥ
Fԥ\L YDU 9ԥ KԥU KDQVÕ LGGLDOÕ JLF oR[ DVDQFD \HQL DOPDQ PLVWLN
IԥOVԥIԥVLQLQ TDUPD÷ÕQD NHoԥ ELOԥU %ԥV EL]Gԥ" %L]LP DU[DPÕ]GD
KHo Qԥ \R[GX %LU TDXoR LNL TDXoR RWX] o TDXoR
øQWԥKDVÕ EWQ EXQODU PԥQL EH]GLULE .DEXVODUÕQ DUDVÕQGD
GRODúPDTGDQ EDUPDTODUÕP GRQXE +ԥ PԥQ .RUGHVOԥ RODQ V|KEԥ
WLP EDUԥGԥ GDQÕúPDT LVWԥ\LUԥP .RUGHV ]L\DOÕ QPXQԥVLGL HWLUDI
HGLP NL EX JQ Gԥ RQD KH\UDQDP 2 LVWHGDGOÕGÕ J|]ԥO SRHWLN
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