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LUOԥúԥQGԥ [ԥFDOԥWLPGԥQ |OE \HUԥ JLULUԥP ;ԥFDOԥW oԥNLUԥP
;ԥFDOԥW oԥNLUԥP 2QXQ D÷XúXQGDQ TXUWXOGX÷XP YD[W |]Pԥ QH
Fԥ QLIUԥW HGLUGLP
1ԥ TԥGԥU oDOÕúVDP GD KLUVGԥQ Yԥ NԥGԥUGԥQ D[DQ J|] \DúOD
UÕPÕ VD[OD\D ELOPLUGLP $PPD EX WԥNFԥ SR]XOPXú VԥGDTԥWLQ
[LIIԥWL GH\LOGL ԤQ ԥ]DEYHULFLVL R LGL NL PԥQL |] VԥGDTԥWLPL SR]
PD÷D PԥFEXU HWPԥNOԥ EԥUDEԥU DOoDOWPÕúGÕODU F]DPOÕ LW NLPL Pԥ
Qԥ QLIUԥW HGԥHGԥ KԥOԥ ELU PԥQL SDUoDODPÕúGÕODU GD 6RQUD PԥQ Qԥ
HWGLP" øQGL EX PԥQԥ X]DT [DWLUԥOԥUWԥN GXPDQOÕ J|UQU $QFDT
RQX [DWÕUOD\ÕUDP NL K|QNUK|QNU D÷ODGÕ÷ÕP YD[W RQXQ EÕ÷ODUÕ
PԥQLP TXOD÷ÕPD WR[XQGX Yԥ R TD\QDU QԥIԥVL LOԥ VDNLWFԥ SÕoÕOGD
GÕ 9DWDUXQX |OGUP" %X V|]OԥUL HúLGԥQ NLPL PԥQ |]Pԥ Gԥ
D\GÕQ ROPD\DQ TԥULEԥ KLVVOԥU NHoLUGLP ± VDQNL Kԥ\DW JHUL TD\ÕGÕU
GÕ +ԥ\DW" ԤJԥU D\ÕQ SDUÕOWÕVÕQÕ LúÕT DGODQGÕUPDT RODUVD EXQD GD
Kԥ\DW GHPԥN RODU $PPD EX Kԥ\DW JQԥúLQ LúÕ÷ÕQD KHo EԥQ]ԥPLU
GL %XQXQOD EHOԥ PԥJԥU EX TRU[XOX V|]OԥU PԥQԥ WԥVԥOOL YHUPԥGL
PL" $K \ԥQL PԥQ ± ELU TDGÕQ |] ԥULQL |OGUPԥ\ԥ KD]ÕU RODFDT
TԥGԥU EDúTD ELU NLúLQLQ VHYJLVLQԥ VHYLQԥ ELOԥUԥPPL"
%XJQN $\ LúÕ÷ÕWԥN NԥGԥUOL RODQ Kԥ\DW HúTLQLQ TD\ÕWGÕ÷ÕQÕ
KLVV HGԥHGԥ PԥQ KԥOԥ Gԥ D÷OD\ÕUGÕP %ԥV VRQUD" 6RQUD" 0ԥQ Qԥ
YD[W KDUGD RQX ԥULPL |OGUPԥ\ԥ DQG LoGLUGLP" $QFDT R DQG LoԥQ
GԥQ VRQUD PԥQ LON GԥIԥ ԥULPL [DWÕUODGÕP $oÕT GH\LUԥP ± LON GԥIԥ
2QD TԥGԥU PԥQ DQFDT |]P |] UVYD\oÕOÕ÷ÕP KDTTÕQGD ILNLU
OԥúLUGLP 9ԥ \DOQÕ] R DQG LoԥQGԥQ VRQUD ԥULP ID÷ÕU ԥULP KDTTÕQGD
GúQGPOÕ\PÕú NLPL ԥULPLQ JOPVԥ\ԥUԥN PԥQԥ Qԥ LVԥ GH\ԥQ VLIԥWL SH\GD
ROGX <ԥTLQ PԥQLP QL\\ԥWLP EX VLIԥW J|]OԥULP |QQGԥ SH\GD RODQ
DQ TԥOELPGԥ GR÷XOGX dQNL PԥK] KԥPLQ DQ PԥQ |OPԥN TԥUDUÕQD
JԥOGLP 0ԥQ VHYLQLUGLP NL KԥOԥ Qԥ\ԥVԥ TԥUDU YHUPԥN JFQGԥ
\ԥP $QFDT NLUL\ԥQ NLPL EDúÕPÕ TDOGÕUÕE 0RULWR\D ED[GÕP Yԥ ԥY
YԥONLWԥN \HQԥ RQXQ TԥOELQGԥ QHFԥ H\EԥFԥU ROGX÷XPX J|UGP (Oԥ
EX DQ EWQ VHYLQFLP \R[D oÕ[GÕ 0ԥQ \HQԥ GD\ԥQLQ TXFD÷ÕQGD
X]DQGÕ÷ÕP YD[W J|UG\P $\ WXWXOPDVÕQÕQ ]OPԥWLQL [DWÕUODGÕP
6DQNL VHYLQFLPLQ GLELQԥ o|NԥQ EWQ úԥU TYYԥOԥU H\QL YD[WGD ]ԥ
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;ԥFDOԥW oԥNLUԥP 2QXQ D÷XúXQGDQ TXUWXOGX÷XP YD[W |]Pԥ QH
Fԥ QLIUԥW HGLUGLP
1ԥ TԥGԥU oDOÕúVDP GD KLUVGԥQ Yԥ NԥGԥUGԥQ D[DQ J|] \DúOD
UÕPÕ VD[OD\D ELOPLUGLP $PPD EX WԥNFԥ SR]XOPXú VԥGDTԥWLQ
[LIIԥWL GH\LOGL ԤQ ԥ]DEYHULFLVL R LGL NL PԥQL |] VԥGDTԥWLPL SR]
PD÷D PԥFEXU HWPԥNOԥ EԥUDEԥU DOoDOWPÕúGÕODU F]DPOÕ LW NLPL Pԥ
Qԥ QLIUԥW HGԥHGԥ KԥOԥ ELU PԥQL SDUoDODPÕúGÕODU GD 6RQUD PԥQ Qԥ
HWGLP" øQGL EX PԥQԥ X]DT [DWLUԥOԥUWԥN GXPDQOÕ J|UQU $QFDT
RQX [DWÕUOD\ÕUDP NL K|QNUK|QNU D÷ODGÕ÷ÕP YD[W RQXQ EÕ÷ODUÕ
PԥQLP TXOD÷ÕPD WR[XQGX Yԥ R TD\QDU QԥIԥVL LOԥ VDNLWFԥ SÕoÕOGD
GÕ 9DWDUXQX |OGUP" %X V|]OԥUL HúLGԥQ NLPL PԥQ |]Pԥ Gԥ
D\GÕQ ROPD\DQ TԥULEԥ KLVVOԥU NHoLUGLP ± VDQNL Kԥ\DW JHUL TD\ÕGÕU
GÕ +ԥ\DW" ԤJԥU D\ÕQ SDUÕOWÕVÕQÕ LúÕT DGODQGÕUPDT RODUVD EXQD GD
Kԥ\DW GHPԥN RODU $PPD EX Kԥ\DW JQԥúLQ LúÕ÷ÕQD KHo EԥQ]ԥPLU
GL %XQXQOD EHOԥ PԥJԥU EX TRU[XOX V|]OԥU PԥQԥ WԥVԥOOL YHUPԥGL
PL" $K \ԥQL PԥQ ± ELU TDGÕQ |] ԥULQL |OGUPԥ\ԥ KD]ÕU RODFDT
TԥGԥU EDúTD ELU NLúLQLQ VHYJLVLQԥ VHYLQԥ ELOԥUԥPPL"
%XJQN $\ LúÕ÷ÕWԥN NԥGԥUOL RODQ Kԥ\DW HúTLQLQ TD\ÕWGÕ÷ÕQÕ
KLVV HGԥHGԥ PԥQ KԥOԥ Gԥ D÷OD\ÕUGÕP %ԥV VRQUD" 6RQUD" 0ԥQ Qԥ
YD[W KDUGD RQX ԥULPL |OGUPԥ\ԥ DQG LoGLUGLP" $QFDT R DQG LoԥQ
GԥQ VRQUD PԥQ LON GԥIԥ ԥULPL [DWÕUODGÕP $oÕT GH\LUԥP ± LON GԥIԥ
2QD TԥGԥU PԥQ DQFDT |]P |] UVYD\oÕOÕ÷ÕP KDTTÕQGD ILNLU
OԥúLUGLP 9ԥ \DOQÕ] R DQG LoԥQGԥQ VRQUD ԥULP ID÷ÕU ԥULP KDTTÕQGD
GúQGP
ROGX <ԥTLQ PԥQLP QL\\ԥWLP EX VLIԥW J|]OԥULP |QQGԥ SH\GD RODQ
DQ TԥOELPGԥ GR÷XOGX dQNL PԥK] KԥPLQ DQ PԥQ |OPԥN TԥUDUÕQD
JԥOGLP 0ԥQ VHYLQLUGLP NL KԥOԥ Qԥ\ԥVԥ TԥUDU YHUPԥN JFQGԥ
\ԥP $QFDT NLUL\ԥQ NLPL EDúÕPÕ TDOGÕUÕE 0RULWR\D ED[GÕP Yԥ ԥY
YԥONLWԥN \HQԥ RQXQ TԥOELQGԥ QHFԥ H\EԥFԥU ROGX÷XPX J|UGP (Oԥ
EX DQ EWQ VHYLQFLP \R[D oÕ[GÕ 0ԥQ \HQԥ GD\ԥQLQ TXFD÷ÕQGD
X]DQGÕ÷ÕP YD[W J|UG\P $\ WXWXOPDVÕQÕQ ]OPԥWLQL [DWÕUODGÕP
6DQNL VHYLQFLPLQ GLELQԥ o|NԥQ EWQ úԥU TYYԥOԥU H\QL YD[WGD ]ԥ
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